Fave Ford Case Study Analysis

External logistic suppliers are used to manage inbound supply chain. Customers are encouraged to use computers to balance supply and demand. Both companies are focused on strategic partnership with Its suppliers. There might be some escalates between Dell and Ford there are some difference In the operation of the companies. B) Dell forecast its demand with short term forecast and any change in instantly shared within the company and its suppliers. Ford relies on long term forecasting. C) Ford supply chain is more complex then dell.Following are the alternatives and options ford can apply Alternative 1 Design a mixture of online and offline operations and form procedures to enable customization and ordering by customers over the internet but maintain physical dealerships as well. Advantages: a) Customization to customers, start a supply chain vertical integration business model. B) Open new market segment and attract clients who like online shopping. C) Reduction in overhead and inven tory carrying costs. D) Direct control on customer service experience.Disadvantages: a) Costly, time consuming that requires internal and external changes which are not easy to handle and integrate with other operations. B) Independent dealers will complain due to internal competition. ) Suppliers' inability to keep up to speed with Fords modern IT technology. Alternative 2 Create a virtually integrated supply chain based on Dell's model. Ford and all its suppliers would share information between their systems and the Internet to coordinate the flow of materials and production. All customer orders would be taken Page 2 either via Ford's web site or by phone and then build.A pull system would be implemented completely. A) Customization to clients, start of vertical integration in the supply chain. B) Customers' needs are met faster at higher profits due the elimination of reseller's ark-ups. C) Directly control customer service. D) Minimal inventory carrying costs and higher order le ad time. E) The ability to forecast demand is significantly better. F) Improved relationships with both customers and suppliers. Disadvantages: a) Ford's traditional processes and production methods would have to be changed to take advantage of this new form of supply-chain management.Since it is a Very costly and time consuming activity, the difference in the two industries makes it a risky option. C) Change management h as to take off etc w hi chi I s costs y and emotional y sensitive. Recommendation and Implementation: Keeping the existing supply chain would continue to deliver the same dismal results and declining profits for the company. After careful examination and review of the alternatives, we came to conclude that the long term implication of the second alternative is the company going out of business, which eliminates option 2.This option seems illogical when we take into account the fact that Ford is an automobile manufacturing company and Dell assembles customized compu ters for its customers via the internet, eliminating dealerships all across and relying only on their website or its sales will put it at a great disadvantage with competitors. So we would recommend Ford to extend its Virtual-business strategy by partially implementing the Dell's model of supply chain (Alternative 1).The part of the Dell's model which does not fit with Ford need to be discarded. The dealers would still play a role in the distribution since the buying experience of a car from a dealer cannot be substituted by something virtual like a ad model on a computer or images and description online. Implementation In order for Ford to implement option 1, their IT systems should be centralized and hared with suppliers since its Tier 2 and Tier 3 suppliers might not be able to update their IT infrastructure as often as Ford.Suppliers can have access to central design database while Ford controls the access and functionality as per Management Information System-Ford Case Study An alysis Page 3 the operational requirements. The whole coordinated system would ensure a smooth flow of materials and reduced bottlenecks and enhance the efficiency of the supply chain giving a competitive edge to Ford. And lastly, we feel that dealerships can play a more involved role in forecasting customer demand and Ford should explore the option of outsourcing it to a firm which specializes in forecasting demand and can work with each dealer or network of dealers.Monitoring and Control In order for the new system to function appropriately as intended, Ford must perform the following functions: 1 . Appoint an IT specialist as a liaison to coordinate all IT activities with all suppliers in order to insure a smooth flow of information among the supply chain partners and immediately resolve issues as they arise. 2. Moon tort customers' only I nee orders by revive ewe Eng all order I dead times. The it me f mom the customer order initiation to delivery must not exceed a standard peri od of 3.Initiate an online customer satisfaction program in which customers will evaluate and rate their customer experience with Ford. 4. After every 6-8 month, review the performance and make recommendations on improvements to the appropriate authority. 5. Annual executive meetings should be held to review the progress of the business model. As well, review the shareholder value to check whether it's increasing or decreasing. Conclusion: Dell has focused on entrepreneurial and flexible approach; any chance can be embedded instantly across the organization.Ford is much bigger organization as compared to dell and has developed its operation capabilities over the period of time. Virtual integration should be implemented by ford more efficiently. It will help ford to be more efficient in term of production and quick to respond for any change in the real time. By virtual integration ford can look forward for more profitability as their overhead and inventory carrying cost will decrease . Furthermore, the over all success of this business model will depend mainly on the performance of their shareholder value. Page 4

A Molecular Caliper Mechanism for Determining

The article is about the discovery of a molecular â€Å"caliper† that can be used to measure the length of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA). It was written by Vladimir Denic and Dr. Jonathan Weissman. Here, I will analyze the important elements in this scientific paper by answering the key questions below.1. What important previously observed facts stimulated the new work? (Background)It has been observed that very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) are responsible for the cellular growth and alterations in the length of these fatty acids will result to abnormalities. In humans, Very Long Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (LCAD) and adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) are two of the metabolic diseases that can be fatal to the individual (â€Å"Very Long Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase†; Kemp and Watkins â€Å"Very Long Chain Fatty Acids and Adrenoleukodystrophy†).One possible way to solve this problem is by determining the lengths of VLCFAs. It is also important to not e that VLCFAs are results of catalytic processes. Thus, the different components of VLCFAs as well as the proteins responsible for this must be determined.In the article, previous studies conducted on the process of converting short fatty acids were included. The four steps in the metabolic process were listed (Denic and Weissman 663). After it, the researchers investigated on the missing links of the process: the novel dehydratase and the elongase protein (Elop) which acts as â€Å"scissors† in the elongation cycle. Using complicated steps derived from previous experiments, they were able to identify the Elop known as Phs1p.Unknown to the researchers are the Elop responsible for determining the length of the resultant VLCFAs by stopping Phs1p from elongating the fatty acid. Another unknown is the method which the researchers can determine the length of the VLCFA.2. What is the hypothesis of the new work?The hypothesis of this work can be found in the abstract but it is a sho rter version and probably needs elaboration. By analyzing the existing data on VLCFA, the researchers have come up with the hypothesis that FAs are elongated to VLCFAs by three membrane components (Denic and Weissman 663). Also, they were able to hypothesize that the length of the VLCFA can be measured by determining the distance from the lysine residue and the Elop active sites (Denic and Weissman 663).3. What are the major findings reported in the manuscript? (New data)The major findings in the article include the discovery of the missing component—novel dehydratase–Phs1p. This is the component responsible for the elongation of the FAs (Denic and Weissman 664). Now, the researchers still looked for the Elop responsible for the length determination of the VLCFAs and found two examples of this component, namely Fen1p and Sur4p (Denic and Weissman 674). By undergoing in vivo tests, they were able to isolate the Elops and found out that Fen1p and Sur4p is responsible for the elongation of C18 fatty acids into C22 and C26 respectively (Denic and Weissman 674).

Principles for Implementing Duty of Care

1. 1. Explain what it means to have duty of care in own work role A duty of care is a legal obligation imposed on an individual requiring that they adhere to a standard of reasonable care. It’s a requirement to exercise a reasonable degree of attention and caution to avoid negligence which could lead to harm to others. Duty of Care is the legal responsibility, to ensure the safety and well-being of others 1. 2. Explain how duty of care contributes to the safeguarding or protection of individuals. Policies and Procedures –are rules set out by your work place the procedures are there to be followed and to safeguard the individuals that we care for Conforming to Legislation-by following legislation such as Health and Social Care Act 2008 Risk Assessments-by following and review risk assessments reporting concerns and reporting potential hazards will minimize any risk Training-to ensure my training is up to date and that I am aware of any changes in legislation 2. 1. Describe Potential Conflicts or Dilemmas That May Arises between the Duty of Care an Individual’s Rights. As individuals we all have our own minds and most of us can do what we want when we want without asking permission, and as we get older our brains do not work as well as it used to . so if an individual was trying to leave the home on their own it would be my duty to try and stop them from leaving as they could put themselves in danger. The individual may not realise how dangerous it could be if she lost her way or even forgets where she lives, we would need to explain the risks if the individual did leave on their own and try and come to some sort of compromise to reduce the risk like the ndividual having an escort . 2. 2. Describe how to manage risks associated with conflicts or dilemmas between an individual`s rights and the duty of care. We would do a risk assessment on the individual and talk to them and hopefully come to compromise with them; we would also ensure all doors are alarmed to alert staff if any doors are opened . all the information will be put into the individuals care plan and all staff would be made aware 2. Explain where to get the additional support and advice about conflicts and dilemmas. Manager Senior carer District nurse Social services 3. 1. Describe how to respond to complaints If a service user or a member of family has a complaint to make I would listen to what they have to say and if I could deal with it myself I would do so if not I would report it to my manager and I would do this effectively and be professional. 3. 2 Explain the main points of agreed procedures for handing complaints. It is important that the home runs smoothly and that staff, clients and relatives work together to benefit the clients In event of complaints from either staff, clients or relatives every effort will be made to respond quickly and appropriately and procedures will be followed most complaints can be handled by care staff, but if we could not deal with it we would inform the senior carer on duty, and if they could not deal with it I would speak to my manager. Every client has the complaint procedure in there room which explains what to do.

MIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

MIS - Essay Example ent of the Company are deeply convinced that the new product will increase the profits of the Company by 100 of millions as 100 million shoppers buy from the Wal-Mart every week (Girard, 2003). The reason behind the Wal-Mart’s decision to sell Jeans to Wal-Mart was to target the rich customers and attracting well-off customers requires big brands, the Company, therefore, needed big brands. Levis is a famous high prestigious brand. The customers of Wal-Mart are people from all walks of life and through Levis, the company shall be able to meet the demands of all their customers, including the demands of the new affluent customers. Wal-mart has a high bargaining power. This fact can be attributed to the fact that Levis is facing tremendous pressure on the sales front as its revenue has decreased because of the changing preferences of the customers. The Wal-Mart company, therefore, really needs to target a new customer group through its new product line so as to boost the company earnings and make profits of 100 million dollars. Walmart Company has a well-established supply chain management system that enables it to track the inventory right from the supplier factory up to the warehouse. Suppliers of Wal-Mart need to be upgraded in IT system so as to enable them to track inventory management. 4.What generic strategy (among the following four: (1) broad target / cost leadership, (2) broad target differentiation, (3) focused target / cost leadership, and (4) focused target / differentiation) is Wal-Mart following? Justify your answer. Wal-Mart is guided by the broad target and cost leadership strategy. The company targets a broad range of customers that come from all walks of life. The company distinguishes itself from its rivals on the basis of low costs. An entry barrier is defined as an advantage of established sellers in an industry over potential entrant sellers that is reflected in the extent to which established sellers can easily raise their prices above

Firms, Markets and Business Management Case Study

Firms, Markets and Business Management - Case Study Example of Australia decision on the dollar will have a vast impact on the financial market and the overall trading in the country, including demand and supply of imports and exports. The appreciation in Australian Dollar will impact the consumer rates of trading accordingly creating a higher spending ability of the people; hence, higher demand for products. The expected decision thus, to appreciate the Australian dollar will in result give consumers spending power, creating demand for products including from the whiskey firm. The whiskey firm will have to provide ore supplies hence earning more revenue and profits. The appreciation of the Australian dollar will target the inflation rate, as an expression to achieve over a period of years. Thus, in implementing the decision taken, the Australian Reserve Bank will seek to facilitate a flexibility for the policies that account for the short term impact on the consumer and producer as well as the overall economic growth (Australia , p 17, 2015). Thus, the trading course in the country with respect to the will Australian dollar changes will create a demand for supplies hence a steady curve for the trading engagements for the whiskey firm. In recent developments within the U.S., the U.S. Dollar has gained remarkable ground in trade, sparking an upward growth of the dollar. The effect resulting is global investors stashing money into the economy giving the dollar more muscle for trading against the other currencies. Consequently, the U.S. Dollar as it gains grounds for stronger trading and higher rate, the impact is on the global investors that export their products into the country (Valentine, p 14, 2012). The established implications for the higher dollar include that, the company that generates revenue from within the country have better competitive advantage against the local companies trading in foreign markets. Translating the profits back to the Australian Dollar will notably benefit this Australian whisky firm

The conduct of modern business will improve if more high level jobs Essay

The conduct of modern business will improve if more high level jobs are gven to women - Essay Example ore gender equal work environment, it is still the case that it is the men who are dominating the workplace, in particular, the higher level positions. Nonetheless, women’s capacity in the workplace should not be overlooked because they can do the same as men in the conduct of business. In fact, women have showed their competitiveness in the field of business (Lowrey, 2006; Evans, 2008). In this regard, this paper shall delve on establishing why the presence of women in high level jobs improves the conduct of modern business. According to Lowrey (2006), there are more women than men participating in the labor force of professional occupations including professional, financial, management and business professions. Nonetheless, even if this is the case, gender inequality remains in this male-dominated society in which we live. The reality is that more men occupy the top management positions in companies than women (Desvaux, Devillard-Hollinger, & Baumgarten, 2007; Desvaux, Devillard, & Sancier-Sultan, 2010). Even if it is the case that the number of female graduates from the university has increased, still it would not close the gender gap in the management functions (Desvaux et al., 2007). Competence is not an issue because women can do the same as men in the field of business. As a matter of fact, success in business is not a concern if it is the women who handle it. If high proportion of women occupy the top management positions in companies, the conduct of modern business may perform even better (Desvaux et al., 2007; Desvaux et al., 2010). Desvaux et al. (2007) and Desvaux et al. (2010) found out in their studies that the presence of women positively affects the excellent performance of organizations. The companies with more women representing the top management levels are observed to be the businesses which have better performance at the financial level. The companies which perform at their best are those who are most strongly represented by women at the

Political Philosophy by Rousseau Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Political Philosophy by Rousseau - Essay Example He is free only if he can express his interest and individuality. He said, â€Å"Each man in giving himself to all, gives himself to nobody† (192). He was placing the individual in a responsible and responsive society that can create, run a government and participate in it. Collective decisions are the core of democracy, equality, liberty, fraternity. â€Å"As an ideal, the general will is, for Rousseau, a genuine universal†¦.It is the unity through which the addictive collection of wills gets its meaning,† Dyke (1969, p.23). Rousseau argues in favour of general will at every step. â€Å"The general will is the will of all when we are not thinking about our own selfish interests but about the general interest† Roberts (1997). . According to him if the laws of the land are good, it will reflect in the goodness of citizens and hence, the law is the root cause of good and bad both and so is highly significant. Especially the political, fundamental laws have to be wise and they connect the sovereign to people, one citizen to another, and connect the law to citizens. They also form the constitution of the state, which can wield power in every day life of the citizen. It is in the interest of all, it will affect all and rules all, and hence, participation of all is necessary. ... It is in the interest of all, it will affect all and rules all, and hence, participation of all is necessary. "Rousseau's theory has often been decried as too abstract and metaphysical. This is in many ways its great strength; but where it is excessively so, the accident of time is to blame" http://www.4literature.net/Jean_Jacques_Rousseau/The_Social_Contract/ He never talks of an individual without talking of collectivity. "The most basic convent, the social pact, is the agreement to come together and form a people, a collectivity"2.is "the real foundation of society," (p.59) and such general will must be "forced to be free" (64). His democracy is the most direct, extremely strong kind and it depended on the general will coming together frequently to make rules for themselves. They should identify each other and the common interests. We should remember that the states were smaller in those days. He did not want the common man to loosen his grip over the authority. "The constant will of all the members of the state is the general will; by virtue of it, they are citizens and free." He also says that liberty is impossible if the general will in majority ceases. "To renounce liberty is to renounce being a man, to surrender the rights of humanity and even it duties," he says on slavery and hence, making of law is the duty and right of the indi vidual. "This general will is supposed to represent the common good or public interest - and it is something that each individual has a hand in making. All citizens should participate - and should be committed to the general good - even if it means acting against their private or personal interests." http://www.infed.org/thinkers/et-rous.htm Even though he calls sovereignty as inalienable and

Strategic Leadership in Criminal Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Strategic Leadership in Criminal Justice - Essay Example So a dire need will be felt to promote the lower ranking officers to higher posts. Hence, the police department emphatically feels that the creation of a systematic procedure for appraising the lower ranking officers for promotion purposes will help assure the quality and reliability of the policing in the area. Though Larry is left with varied options regarding the designing of the new appraisal system, he is apprehensive in the sense that he does not want the new system to be unjust and biased towards the junior officers. At the same time, he intends the new system to be innovative and ingenious. Larry Homes has before him a possible choice of varied existing appraisal methods. These methods include: For years, the police department has resorted to this method for assessing the promotability of the junior officers. This appraisal method primarily relied on the ratings extended by an immediate supervisor regarding the subordinates under him or her (McConnell, 2005, p. 248). This appraisal method had its advantages in the sense that it assured apt cooperation between the supervisors and the subordinates (McConnell, 2005, p. 248). However, a majority of the junior officers in the police force are not satisfied with this appraisal method. They feel that the promotability of an employee needs to be measured by using predominantly subjective criteria (Kulik, 2004, p. 92). In that context, the junior officers are of the view that an appraisal method relying on the opinion of only a single supervisor is open to doubts pertaining to its reliability (Murphy, 1998, p. 148). Besides, giving too much reliance on this promotion method could have a debilitating impact on the moral of the police force.

Multicultural Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Multicultural Management - Essay Example The combination of work force demographics in the work place has been as result of increased globalization in business which has placed the management of cultural and background differences one of the leading agenda in modern times in many corporate organization. This has been due to increased heterogeneity in gender, race, ethnicity, and nationality due to mix up of people. (Vonslid, 2006) To the organization, this has an advantage of better and quicker decision making, higher creativity and innovation in the work, remarkable success in marketing in foreign communities and countries and also equal distribution of economic opportunities. However, if not well handled, it can lead to increased cost due to high turnover rates, conflicts due to interpersonal differences, and breakdown in communications. The hospitality industry is one of the industries that have a high mixture of people both in customers and in the work force. The diversity in the hospitality industry has been one of the challenges facing many firms in the industry since their survival is based on the quality of services that is offered to the customers. Diversity in the industry is also important due to the diverse customers that it serves. Hence a diverse workforce in the industry will help to serve diverse customers who are served in the industry. Managing this diverse workforce in the industry is poses a challenge in the industry's human resource department. This paper will explore the strategies that can be used by the human resource department in the industry to successfully handle the diverse work force. Multicultural workforce in the hospitality industry The hospitality industry is one of the growing industry industries in the world. Increased globalization and increased outsourcing of businesses has been one of the driving forces in the growth of the industry. The industry has been growing at a rate of 12 percent in the most countries in the world. Due to the increased growth of the industry, there has been increased movement of people from different parts of the world who have been seeking employment in the industry. This has led to increased diversity within the work place with more and more people mingling. This diversity has been posing various challenges to human resource management department in most firms as enhancing the diversity of the work force to work as a system has become difficult and challenging. The work of the human resource department is to ensure the all workers are treated as equals regardless of their background. As a result, there have been efforts by the human resource department to come up with various strategies that are earmarked to streamline the operations of the diversity to enhance the working of the firms as a system. The hospitality industry like others can be grouped into three categories as far as cultural diversity is concerned. The first category can be termed as monolithic organizations which are characterized

Demography of China Essay Example for Free

Demography of China Essay The demographic situation in Peoples Republic of China is one of the burning issues nowadays widely discussed in the global community. Today, Chinas population is over 1. 3 billion, the largest of any country in the world. So every 5th person in the world is coming from China. The population of China is greater than the entire world 150 years ago. Every year the population of China increases by 14 million people (the number of people in Texas or Chile). Each decade it increases by about 130 million (more than the population of Japan). About 39,000 new people are added every day. Cultural prerequisites for such family expanding tradition: The Chinese traditionally prefer early marriage, early child-bearing, and large families. Each married women usually raises between five and six children. The Chinese say: more children means great happiness. Population Problems in China. There is a great number of social, economic and environmental problems evoked by the demographic situation. * High unemployment rate. The competition to find a job is very high and as Chinese people saying themselves: â€Å"I’m frightened for my children`s future, China’s biggest problem is the population†. As a result a lot of people migrate to a bigger cities or to neighboring countries to seek for a job. * Water and food shortages. As the worlds population increases, so too does its need for food and water the two resources which are absolutely necessary to sustain life. The Asian giant has been warned by one of its own groundwater experts to either cut its food production or else face dire water levels, especially in the dry northwest plains. If not, aquifers will sink to dire levels not seen in 30 years. For example, the yellow river is dying up. The river has been overused and abused. Dozens of dams block its flow, drawing off huge quantities of water to grow cotton in the desert. * Housing shortages. China has an acute shortage of housing, attributable not only to the large annual increases in population (over 10 million a year) that must be accommodated but also to the long-standing policy of directing investment funds into heavy industry rather than into housing and other social amenities. As a result of expensive housing, people are forced o live in poor conditions and share a flat with big number of people. * Chronic air and water pollution problems are now evident in rural and urban areas throughout the country. China didn’t join Kiyoto protocol, so having a well- developed industry it keeps on emitting CO2 in great quantities. Air pollution is all over China, even harming the most picturesque locations. Acid rain is also a common place. * All of these are issues that the Chinese government must struggle and find a lot of solutions in order improve the lives of its people.

Consumer Behaviour In Hotel Industry Marketing Essay

Consumer Behaviour In Hotel Industry Marketing Essay Understanding of customers as well as customer behaviour is the key success factor in marketplace, either nationally or internationally. Consumer behaviour refers to the study of individuals, groups, or organizations and the processes they use to select, secure, use, and dispose of products, services, experiences, or ideas to satisfy needs and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society (Hawkins et al., 2010). Hawkins et al. (1992) defined it as a process of a study of economic, social psychology, sociology as well as cultural anthropology in order to endeavours to understand the customer purchasing and lifestyle. The basic requirement for operating a business is to build, retain and satisfying customers. Lack of understanding consumer behavior will lead to difficulty in retain and satisfying (Kim et al., 2001). For instances, a new chain hotelier need to has the capability in understanding the current as well as future behaviour of consumers. It is essential for a new chain hotelier to expect the prospective increase in customers demanding for future, food and beverage services in certain area and the number of rooms. 2.8 Consumer Behaviour in Hotel Industry Hospitality is a unique industry provides a range of substantial products as well as insubstantial services, for example accommodation, atmosphere, food and drink and spa service. Thus, consumer behaviour is predominantly complicated and significant towards hotel industry. Prominently, hotel industry is highlighted on customer experience and customer experience in great extent straight influence customers feelings, attitudes, and buying intentions. Consequently, lead to a subsequent behaviour (Whitford, 1998). Hospitality experience is particularly broad and diverse. It will be different from customer to customer for instance leisure guests behaviour is different from business. Hotel tends to develop and monitor visitor understanding to make positive relative relationship with consumers as potential guests spill major consideration on satisfaction and experience when decide on a hotel. According to Zeithamal et al (2003), customer satisfaction could give rise to guest loyalty. However, Kotler et al., (2003), Reid Bojanic (2009) argue that customer not necessarily will revisit again due to the variable of customers expectations even though when a customer is satisfied with high hotel experience quality delivered. For example, a customer is prefers to look for something new and fresh as he or she is bored of the hotel he or she used to stay. Besides, customers expectation most likely influence by pre- purchased form of hotel industry in some extent. Hence, hotel customers have valid reasons and right to select the hotel rather than the hotels competitors and revisit over and over again only if the hotelier understanding customers behaviour and providing constant satisfaction (Keller, 1993). Customer is a key player for an organization. Every successful business is customer driven. Therefore, marketing is the method to build long term relationship with customers. This is the key intention of the organization towards the customer (Kotler, 1983). In other words, profit maximisation is the fundamental objective to run a business, whilst customer is the key source of profit, thus with the purpose of achieve competitive advantage in market place, the organisation should position customer in priority place, which to great extent based on understanding customers and their behaviour. An organisation will find hard to sustain if they ignore the important of understand customer behaviour (Kim et al., 2001). Hawkings et al., (2010) defined customer behaviour as the study of organisations, individuals, or groups also the procedure they employ to dispose, secure, use and select of services, experiences, products, or ideas to satisfy requirements as well as the consequences on the cus tomer and society that result from these processes. As stated previously, customer behaviour is particularly complicate in hotel industry because of some natures of hospitality. Vitally, customers understanding are given by both intangible services and tangible products. The example of intangible services such as spa treatment or atmosphere while tangible products such as food and beverage or accommodation. The feelings, emotion and purchase intention of customers could affect the quality of consumers experience whereby can be variable also different from one to another. As a result it increase difficulties of monitoring and control (Whitford, 1998). Meanwhile, customers satisfaction may shattered by the advance payment approach of hospitality industry due to the expectation gap in their psychological value. On the whole, customer loyalty could be vitally affected by consumer satisfaction but this interrelation is not typified in hospitality industry (Zeithamal et al., 2003).That is a chance that customers may decide not to revisit al though the hotel meet their requirement and achieve satisfaction. This is due to the same products or services provide. For the reason, customers are desire for new environment and they might tire with the hotel they often stayed with (Kotler et al., 2003, Reid Bojanic, 2009). As a result, Keller (1993) claimed that customers are motivated with valid reason to faithful to some hotel, which possibly will enhance profitability for the hotel company provided that they presenting constant satisfaction by clearly understanding consumersbehaviour (Bowen Shoemaker, 1998). Profitability would accelerate approximately 100% if that is given rise of five percent consumer retention. Furthermore, the cost of obtaining new consumer is much more expensive (Reicheld and Sasser, 1990). Primary data Primary data is the first- hand experience collected from the research. Primary data has the greatest originality characteristic where hardly to be modified by human beings and has not been published yet which is including observations, interview and questionnaire (Sekaran and Bougie, 2010). Besides, primary data has it owns greater validity in which it is generally right when the secondary is unavailable or insufficient to respond the research question (Ghauri, 2005). However, it is time consuming and costly to collect primary data due to the limitation of sources for primary data. Secondary data Secondary data is the second-hand data which is collected by someone else others for some other purposes instead of the researcher including both raw data (such as, organisationsdatabases, payroll details) and published summaries (such as, journals, periodicals) (Saunders et al, 2003). The advantages of secondary data are the variety of sources and it is easy to access. The reliability and validity of secondary data are lower than primary data due to it can be easily obtained and manipulated by human beings. Having judged advantages and disadvantages of the two types of data, and according to the purpose of the study, primary data will be collected through a questionnaire to investigate customers opinion about their which can attract them come back to the hotel. In spite of many difficulties may faced when collecting primary data, it is still perceived as the most reliable and authentic source of data (Ghauri, 2005). The questionnaire is deemed most frequently used strategy in busine ss and management research as it enables the researcher to economically collect a large amount of data from a sizeable population as well as easily explain and compare. As for the question design, according to Saunders (2003), close question is usually quicker and easier to answer, as minimal writing required; hence all questions in this survey are close-ended designed. Two types of closed question are employed the questionnaire: category and rating questions. For one thing, category questions are used for the first part of the questionnaire to ask personal information including gender, age, occupation, nationality, as well as income. In the mean time, having considered the age and income relate to individual privacy, the question is only asking the age group and income range instead of specific figures. Individual information is necessary simply because these attributes will significantly affect their hotel choice and preference. Also, category questions still applied to the second part which about respondents behavior towards hotel choice and reasons, since category question are suitable for behaviour or attributes (Saunders et al., 2003). The thi rd portion is in regard to respondents opinion and suggestion towards the special reason or some advice for the Jingdu Hotel. Therefore, the Likert-style rating scale with five point are appropriate for third section, as what Saunders (2003) suggested, opinion data is most frequently collected by rating questions, especially Likert- style rating scale, in which the respondent is asked their agreement level. A ranking question will not be taken into account, as it usually takes relatively longer time to finish by asking the respondent to place thing in rank order. Additionally, a covering letter will be accompanied to explain the solo academic purpose of the survey and express gratitude for their kind corporation. Dillman (2000) suggests the covering letter could to some extent improve the respondent rate. According to Sekaran and Bougie (2010), sampling is the process of selecting a sufficient number of the right elements from the population. It is to great extent influence the effectiveness of the research. This research is concerned with the customer loyalty strategies in Jingdu Hotel, and the questionnaire aims to investigate customers preference towards the Jingdu hotel. Hence, the population would be all customers who have experienced or attempt to have an experience in this hotel. According to Saunders (2003), non- probability sampling is most practical for exploratory research when the sample size is ambiguous and unsuitable for probability sampling. In this study, in order to improve the effectiveness of the survey result, the sample size has been limited to customers who have stayed with international hotel chains, since those customers may better understand the international hotel companies than those people have no international hotel experience. At the same time, the conve nience sampling will be employed to conduct the survey, as it can quickly and easily obtain the sample (Saunders, 2003). Specifically, questionnaire will be sent to these customers who are already joining this hotel when they are checking-in or checking out to ensure the validity and reliability of the answers. 3.5 Reliability and Validity It is critical to evaluate the reliability and the validity to minimise the error when carrying out the research (Saunders et al., 2003). Since this research will collect primary date through questionnaire, factors may affect reliability and validity will be the questionnaire design, structure of the questionnaire, sampling, and the respondents. 3.5.1 Reliability According to Joppe (2000), reliability often refers to the extent of the results are stable over time, whether the procedures of collecting data, as well as the findings are consistent. Kirk and Miler (1986) identify three factors of the reliability in quantitative research, which related to: repeatability, stability, and similarity within a given period of time. Moreover, there are four threats towards reliability mentioned by Robson (2002) that: subject or participant error, subject or participant bias, observer error, as well as observer bias. 3.5.2 Validity According to Saunders et al., (2009), validity is concerned with whether the quality of the research measurement and the research results are trustworthy and scientific. Three types of validity have been defined: construct validity, content validity and criterion-related validity. Wainer and Braun(1988) assert the main validity in quantitative research is construct validity, which refers to the initial concept, notion, question or hypothesis that determines which data is to be gathered and how it is to be gathered. In this research, in order to enhance the validity, the questionnaire was tested carefully to avoid errors owing to ambiguity or misunderstanding. The researcher uses clear instructions and simple wording to ensure that the responses will be valid. At the same time, all questions are close- end type to ease respondents in order to maintain the objectiveness and validity, as according the suggestion from Foddy (1994), closed questions can be relatively easy and efficient to answer from respondents. Additionally, the length of the questionnaire has been controlled to 15 questions to ensure participants who can complete within 5 minutes and hence to avoid the low respondent rate. The covering letter accompanied with the questionnaire to explain the only academic purpose of the investigation and guarantee the confidentiality at the same time. The questionnaire has been improved by a pilot test to ensure the feasibility and avoid ambiguity.

Introduction Of Vodafone Company

Introduction Of Vodafone Company Vodafone Company has a long way since them making the first ever mobile call on 1 January 1985. Today Company operating with more than 371 million customers around the world. A small mobile operator in Newbury has grown as a global business and the seventh most valuable brand in the world. Now run its operation in more than 30 countries and partner with networks in over 40 more. C:UsersuserDesktop7.jpg In this connected world, its no longer just about being able to talk and text. Vodafone network allows people to share their images and videos as soon as theyre captured. In 1991 Vodafone company made worlds first international mobile roaming call, and very recently introduced Vodafone Money Transfer which allows emerging market customers to send and receive money safely and easily using their mobile phone. 1.0.1-Mission We will be the communications leader in an increasingly connected world 1.0.2-Vision Unleash the power of Vodafone to transform societies and enable sustainable living for all 1.1-Introduction of Lanka Bell Lanka Bell is a world class Telecommunication operator that provides best quality service to businesses and its residential customers. Lanka Bell was started in 1997 within an investment of over US $ 150 million. C:UsersuserDesktopla.jpg 1.1.1-Vision Be Sri Lankas premier Next generation communication Information Solution Provider 1.1.2-Mission To provide innovative next generation technological solution by identifying and meeting customers need better than any other industry player, while maximizing the growth of our business for the benefit of our stake holders Organization structure of Vodafone Company Group CEO Chief of staffs Internal Communication Board of Directors Europe Group External Affairs Group Legal Group HR Group Finance Group Techno-logy Group Comm-ercial Strategy Business Develop-ment Africa, Middle East Asia Pacific A Departm-ent for each Country A Departm-ent for each Country Structure of Vodafone Company Matrix structure is a type of management system that workers report more than one person, effectively having more than one supervisor at the same time. As the structure of Vodafone Company they follow matrix structure. Read more: How to Define Matrix Structure | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/how_4423113_define-matrix-structure.html#ixzz25WQ3YFvr Some features of Matrix Structure This structure allows focusing on their areas of expertise for the supervisors. And functional supervisors could focus on hiring, training and managing employees in their field and project supervisors can focus on achieve the goals of specific projects or products. Allows employees from different departments to come together temporarily to work on special project team. Provides flexibility to respond quickly to a customer need by creating a team of people who devote all of their time to a project then return to their departments or join a new project team. Culture As a Vodafone Company they following Task culture, task culture works as selecting a team to complete a particular task. This is one of the effective ways in todays modern business world to complete a task to date. There are benefits: They can make decisions within team members They feel valued because they selected within the team They have full responsibility to bring the task successful end Team members feel motivated because they are empowered to make decisions. http://www.learnmanagement2.com/culture.htm Organization structure of Lanka Bell Board of Directors Managing Director Other Staffs Laborers Senior Staffs General Manager-Information Technology Deputy General Manager-Credit control General Manager- Enterprise International Business General Manager- Technical Operations General Manager-Admin Logistics General Manager- Legal Structure of Lanka Bell Assumption Its an assumption that Lanka Bell is using Functional structure. Lanka Bell structure is based on Functional structure. This is one of the most common structures using within the company, this structure consists of units and departmental groups identified by specialty. Such as engineering, marketing, finance, sales and human resources that are controlled by the top level of management. Some advantages of Functional structure Specialization- each department focuses on its own work Accountability- someone is responsible for the section Clarity- know your and others roles Easy to focus on single product or service Creates teamwork Creates a career ladder Read more: The Functional Structure of an Organization | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/about_6134117_functional-structure-organization.html#ixzz25cK37j32 Culture Lanka Bell culture is based on power culture. In power culture is influenced by key people. In this type of culture all the decisions are made by key people in the organization. Hence, manger is the person who will take the decisions. To adopt this culture its important all the employees need to make good relation with each other. In another hand mangers and senior management never consult form employees while taking decisions. This end up most that employees get de-motivated because, of not consulting. Relationship between an organizations structure and culture can have on their performance of Vodafone Lanka Bell. Organizational culture and structure have a dependent relationship with one another. And these are one of the most important elements that need to successfully run the organization. Organizational structure is the way in which arranges management of the company and power lines. As based on Vodafone and Lanka Bells structure and culture, it has difference between two companies. Vodafone uses Matrix structure and task culture, and Lanka Bell uses Functional structure and power culture. Strength of structure and culture of Vodafone Company Maximizes co-operation and communication among team members. Freedom and autonomy to take responsibility for their work activities. Having opportunity to achieve companys goals as a team. Strength of structure and culture of Lanka Bell Company Each and every staff has specific task to complete Every staffs are specialize for their role It will be easy to take decision http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-the-relationship-between-organizational-structure-and-organizational-culture.htm How organization theory underpins the practice of management Organizational theory used in many aspects of a working business. In every organization, many staffs they believe the theory help them become better on their jobs and more successful in their life. Although this may lead them having to sacrifice some of their main beliefs in order to succeed. One example of organizational theory in the financial sector would be an employee or manager who wants to know how to achieve goals by having a set structure to follow. In addition someone in a human resources sector will have to make decisions throughout their working day that will definitely change the structure and practice of a working day for all other staff in the company. http://management.blurtit.com/q7346416.html Different approaches to management used by the Vodafone and Lanka Bell. Human Relations Approach. Human relation approach has been followed by both companies. Lanka Bell and Vodafone. Professor Elton Mayos (1880-1949) research, human interaction or group relationships effects the productivity and it increase the motivation of the employees. So as far as this approach concerns Vodafone allows more human interaction as they practice little bit of team approach within the company, also their department have coordination. However, Lanka Bell human interact is limit to some extent as they have divided into separate division. Each division will work separately to achieve its target, more often divisions may deviate from the organizational goals as they work as separate divisions. System Approach Section:2 Different Leadership styles in Vodafone and lanka bell Assumption Its an assumption that Vodafone is using democratic leadership and Lanka Bell is used in Autocratic leadership style. Democratic Leadership According to Vodafone Companys information it shows that the company is following democratic leadership style. In democratic leadership style manager will never take a decision without consulting to subordinates. This means that employees get a chance to express their ideas to the management level. Democratic leader ship also helps employees to share their ideas among the team. While team member will feel good in the working environment, as they will also looking benefits this leader ship style also can lead for better ideas and knowledge. Leads to higher productivity among group members. Autocratic leadership style The leadership style used in Lanka Bell is Autocratic and this not a modern style. As autocratic style manager retains more power as well as decision making authority. In this style staffs they do not have their role in decision making and they are not allowed to give input. So this style is not good for work as a team. And this is one of the best leadership style that can use in situation where control is necessary. Section:2 Significant technological breakthrough has taken place last week that affects both Vodafone and Lanka Bell and also the industry as a whole. Discuss the impact that different leadership style may have on motivation of employees of Vodafone and Lanka Bell in this circumstance. This is an assumption that 3D mobile phone has been introduced. Last week apple has been introduced Glasses-free 3D I phone to the market. And this is the first 3D mobile phone that could use without glasses. So many of the mobile service provider in the world are planning to upgrade their network for the new technology, includes Vodafone and Lanka Bell. Vodafone Company As the Vodafone Company they are using democratic leadership, so their staffs are having wide participation in decision making and it is not a difficult for the management of Vodafone to get new idea from the staffs. As a result of democratic leadership style: It increase staffs motivation and commitment to the decision made It helps employees strengthen their professional development by participating in dialogues. And also it helps to improve job satisfaction. By having group discussions which can offer useful ideas. And management put trust in employees and they encourage them to make decisions. So it will be easy to motivate staffs through democratic style. http://www.skills2lead.com/democratic-leadership-style.html Lanka Bell Company As the Lanka Bell Company, they are using autocratic leadership style. So its not easy to motivate their staffs as compare the democratic style. Because Company decisions are taking by management level and there are no involvements of company staffs. In autocratic leadership style: In autocratic leadership, staffs participation is limited in most aspects of work. And also they have no particular responsibilities so it will be difficult to motivate Lanka Bell staffs in breakthroughs like this. Staffs that working middle management and lower management should follow the decisions taking by manager or Ceo. One of the main features of autocratic style is Managers or senior staffs do not trust staffs, and simply they give orders that they expected to be obey. So staffs feel that they do not have independent working environment. Because of this management faces difficulties to motivate the staffs. Section-3 Apply different motivational theories within the workplace of Lanka Bell and compare them Maslows Hierarchy of Needs As Maslows theory every human must need five basic needs, it include; physiological needs, safety need, love or social needs, esteem needs and self- actualization. If Maslows theory applies in Lanka Bells lower level workers could be motivated by having them their basic needs such as; salary. If the company offers good salary workers would show their maximum. And also its very important to provide security like insurance and retirement benefits. To motivate workers there are some other factors that can affect social needs, status needs and self-fulfillment needs. Frederick Herzbergs Two factors theory Frederick Herzbergs theory is depends on main two factors, that is Motivational factors (need for personal growth) and Hygiene factors (need to avoid unpleasantness). As Lanka Bell they have applied motivational factors as that their employees by having challenging tasks and by recognizing staffs achievements. And also by having good salary and providing very well working environment. Comparison of two theories As Maslows theory it is based on the hierarchy of human needs and identified five (physiological needs, safety need, love or social needs, esteem needs and self- actualization) priority basis and their satisfaction in motivating employees. But according to Hertzberg theory he refers hygiene and motivating factors in his theory. Hygiene factors are dissatisfiers while motivating factors motivate subordinates. And it is not included hierarchical arrangements. Motivation theory for managers of Lanka Bell, and evaluate it usefulness in carrying out their job responsibilities effectively After the research did for identify the best motivation theory for the Managers of Lanka Bell Company, it shows one of the best and effective theory for every one (workers and Managers) is Frederick Herzbergs two factor theory. It includes; Hygiene factors Motivators Hygiene factors As the workers, there are some factors that should be fulfilled for the managers better than subordinates. Such as salary, job security and working conditions. By offering good salary and other benefits to the managers they would motivate employees to work hard and they would feel they are one of the most important assets of the Company. Motivators As Herzberg theory there are important factors (motivating factors) act as forces of job satisfaction. With these factors it makes managers and staffs happy with their jobs because they serve mans basic needs for psychological growth. In Herzberg theory these factors are five and are called motivators. Motivating factors are Achievement Recognition for Accomplishment Increased Responsibility Opportunity for growth and Development Creative and Challenging work

The Story of an Hour Essay -- American Literature Kate Chopin Feminism

The Story of an Hour 'The Story of an Hour' is one of Kate Chopin's most famous short stories. There is a great deal of marital instability in the story by Chopin because most of her well-known stories and novels deal with a woman who wishes for freedom or a marriage that is out of balance. In 'The Story of an Hour,' Chopin deals with an ironical twist; it is that the wife in the story, Louise Mallard, does not realize she is displeased with her marriage until she is told that her husband has been killed in a train accident. For an hour, Louise believes her husband's death and sets about planning her future in her mind; when she discovers the rumor of his death is not true, she dies of a heart problem at the end. The common argument in the story is that whether Louise dies of happiness or sadness about her husband's news. There are many ironies, echoes and foreshadowing occur throughout the story such as weeping, celebrating and dying. The theme appears one way, but in actuality, it means another way. Kate Chopin uses Louise Mallard to reflect events and feelings in her own personal life in 'The Story of an Hour.' An online informative article 'Kate Chopin: The Woman' gives detail that Kate Chopin was born in St. Louis on February 8, 1850. Her father, Thomas O'Flaherty, who was very successful in many business ventures, got killed in a work-related accident when Kate was only five years old. Her mother, Katherine O'Flaherty never remarried after her husband's death. Her grandmother and great-grandmother had also been a widow at very young age and never remarried. Her father left behind a family of four generations of women all living in the same house ('Kate'). The article goes on to mention that when Kate wa... ... Chopin, Kate. ?The Story of an Hour.? Current Issues and Enduring Question: A Guide to Critical Thinking and Argument with Readings. Boston: Bedford, 2002. 444-45. ?Kate Chopin: The Woman.? Angelfire. 13 Nov. 2003 . Ker, Christina. ?Ahead of Her Time: An Overview of the Life and Work of Kate Chopin.? Empirezine. 25 Nov. 2003 . Rutherford, Candice. ? Kate Chopin?s ?The Story of an Hour. HotBot. 26 Nov. 2003 . Ryan, Steven. ?Depression and Chopin?s Story of an Hour.? 2002. Questia. 30 Nov. 2003 . Stipe, Stormy. ?The Book that Ruined Kate Chopin?s Career.? InfoTrac OneFile. Gale. (Jan.1999). NCLive. 1 Dec. 2003 .

college :: essays research papers

My First Year at Lewis My college experience started about two years ago. I knew it was not going to be easy, but I was unsure of what was ahead of me. The one word that describes the feelings I first had during my first year at Lewis is responsibility, which I experienced academically, socially and even economically. My college experience was not like any other college student would describe it. Most college students say that you have a lot of time on your hands because classes are so spread out, but things did not go this way for me. Aviation Maintenance at Lewis University has a different way of doing things.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  everybody knows that college is academically a step higher than high school. I grew more responsible academically because my classes where very straight to the point, and the teachers spoke with great knowledge. Aviation Maintenance has a different schedule here at Lewis University. For me that meant 8:00 a.m. until 5:00 p.m. classes with one hour break. I had to keep up with tests and homework in very short periods. It took a lot of responsibility for me to accomplish this. I felt I had to change many things in my life. I had to get more sleep, finish homework fast, and make time to study for tests. Everybody in my class felt the same pressure.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I also grew more responsible socially as I met more friends and became more acquainted with them. My classmates felt the same tough schedule for Aviation Maintenance as well. Everyday we had â€Å"shop† class from 1:00 p.m. until 5:00 p.m. This meant we had to get along in order to get work done. Shop classes where very interesting and involved a lot of hands on and group work. Responsibility becomes a big roll in helping each other and accomplishing our tasks especially when it comes to these classes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Finally, I became more responsible economically as I commuted to school every morning and felt the pressure of keeping a close budget. My first class was at 8:00 a.m., which meant getting up at 6:00 a.m. and leaving at 6:30 a.m. Sleep became a necessity, while at the same time getting studies done was also necessary. Time was an issue that had to be controlled well and this became hard for me because time was never an issue before.

Gender Roles in North and South

Tierney Deggelman Morrissey Engl 209 October 1, 2012 Gender Roles in North and South It is no surprise that the novel North and South is one that frequently employs the literary style of placing two entities in juxtaposition as the very title coincides with the idea of comparison. Similarly, the chapter headings often mirror this literary style: â€Å"Masters and Men,† â€Å"Likes and Dislikes,† â€Å"Roses and Thorns†. The most significant of these comparisons is masculinity and femininity.Through the development of the novels female heroine Margaret Hale and through John Thornton’s perspectives of her, Emily Gaskell is in essence taking a stand against gender stereotypes and highlighting the underestimated value of female empowerment in Victorian society. Throughout the novel Margaret Hale proves herself to be a strong, outspoken, capable and irrepressible spirit. These descriptions of Margaret however were more likely to be attributed to men in this tim e, as they were viewed as the superior gender. Gaskell describes Margaret as â€Å"full of a soft feminine defiance, always giving strangers the impression of haughtinessâ€Å" (58).In attempts to draw attention to the fact that Margaret is out of the ordinary with a personality unlike most women of her time, Gaskell incorporates Mr. Thornton’s first impressions of her as well. â€Å"He almost said to himself he did not like her, before their conversation ended; he tried so to compensate himself for the mortified feeling, that while he looked upon her with an admiration he could not repress† (59). This passage is significant because it shows the discontent Thornton feels due to Margaret’s reluctance to conform to stereotypes of femininity.However, even with feelings of discontent, Thornton looks at her with admiration showing he cannot help but be captivated with her strong-minded manner. Perhaps this is Gaskell’s way of showing us that if breaking gend er stereotypes can be admired by a high class powerful man such as Thornton, then why cant it be admired by society as a whole? Another instance where Margaret demonstrates her unusual strength is in regards to her mother’s illness. When she finds out her mother is dying she decides to keep it from her father as she says, â€Å"He will not bear it as I can† (119).The instant she convinces the doctor to reveal the severity of her mothers illness marks the moment she takes on the role of authoritative figure in her family. The authoritative position in a family would again usually belong to a man but Margaret claims her father could not handle it and that she will have to step forward. Margaret’s strength through her mothers illness, taking power over her father is yet another characteristic of hers that’s advocates female empowerment. This is reinstated in the actual event of her mother’s death. Her eyes were continually blinded by tears, but she ha d no time to give way to regular crying. The father and brother depended upon her; while they were giving way to grief, she must be working, planning, considering† (230). This quote depicts Margaret acting as backbone for the family. She has allowed her family members to look to her for stability, which is extremely rare in a time where women were viewed as delicate. The most memorable demonstration of Margaret’s character is in the event of the strike when she comes outside of the Thornton household and steps in front of John Thornton.Margaret puts herself in a spot of grave danger in between Mr. Thornton and the strikers who are described as beastly, animalistic creatures who have lost all traces of their previous humanity. The stepping in front of Mr. Thornton symbolizes the crossing of his masculinity. In essence she is stating herself more masculine than Thornton by doing so. The irony of this situation is as she is preceding his masculinity, the very thing she ban ks on not getting hurt is gender. She thinks that as a woman she will not be subjected to any violence delivered by man.Margaret’s attitude toward her mother’s death and her approach to confronting the strikers shows her strong and brave character. Such character that contradicts the social norms of gender roles is attributed to the female protagonist in attempts to convey the author’s values of female empowerment. The fact that Mr. Thornton is not oppressive toward women instead attracted to Margaret’s challenging nature marks Gaskell’s attempt at getting readers to believe that women can be just as strong as their male complements despite what society says.

Manolo Blahnik

Manolo Blahnik has been designing shoes since 1971 and has received many prestigious awards, including three special awards from the Council of Fashion Designers of America, and the British Council’s ‘Accessory Designer of the Year’ in 1990 and 1999. Despite having had no formal training, he's done it all: backless, heel-less, wedges, stilettos, and kittens, even platforms. Now he is one of the very few brand names that have become a synonym for the product — Hoover, Kleenex, Band-Aid, Post-it and †¦ Manolo. He studied literature and architecture at the University of Geneva, and art at L’Ecole des Beaux-Arts and L’Ecole du Louvre in Paris.Originally, he wanted to be a set designer and took a portfolio of drawings to New York in 1971 in the hope of finding work there. Paloma Picasso, a friend from Paris, arranged for him to meet Diana Vreeland, the editor of US Vogue. When she looked at his drawings, Vreeland exclaimed: â€Å"How amusing. Amusing. You can do accessories very well. Why don’t you do that? Go make shoes. Your shoes in these drawings are so amusing. † By the late 1990s when the fashion writer and historian Colin McDowell observed Blahnik at work, he had been in command of his craft for years. The result is the book titled simply â€Å"Manolo Blahnik†.The process of creating a Manolo Blahnik shoe begins with Manolo sketching it at home in Bath, his London office or one of his northern Italian factories with a Tombo Japanese brush pen in three minutes of â€Å"firm, assured hand movements followed by precise, sharp little jabs as the details are fitted in†. â€Å"I’ve been studying the art of the shoe†¦ for over twenty years†, says Blahnik. â€Å"I know every process. I know how to cut and cut away here (the side of the shoe) and still make it so that it stays on the foot. And the secret of toe cleavage, a very important part of the sexuality of the shoe. You must only show the first two cracks.And the heel. Even if it’s twelve centimeters high it still has to feel secure – and that’s a question of balance. † Blahnik drawings exhibit the design skill and craftsmanship that footwear design demands. His design process begins with color-rich sketches that are so finely executed they are as sought-after as the shoes themselves. Some reflect nature, mostly recurring botanical themes while others are more dramatic and others still verging on the fetishistic. Some are so fragile-looking it’s impossible to imagine them withstanding the challenge of being worn; these shoes are the kind that insist you take taxis.Consider Carrie’s unforgettable one liner in Sex and the City, when she was robbed in the street: â€Å"Please sir. You can take my Fendi baguette, you can take my ring and my watch, but don’t take my Manolos Blahniks,† she pleaded. Pathos aside, the scene is testament to the gravita s attributed to Mr. Blahnik’s shoes. ‘Exquisite design sketches †¦ Blahnik’s richly colored drawings are often exuberantly exaggerated – hyper-arched with impossibly thin heels – which add to the sense of magic that imbues his designs †¦ Presented here on a grand scale †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢? – MetroIn an interview with aRude magazine, in November last year, Blahnik talks about the technical details involved in his creative process: In relation to your shoe-drawings, are your lines more Ingres, Matisse, Picasso or Aubrey Beardsley? ? Oh, I would love to even come close to one of those geniuses. How can I compare myself to them? Sometimes I can spontaneously get immersed in Ingres and the divine purity of his brushstrokes. Matisse and Picasso always visit my mind as well. What medium do you typically draw in and why? ?I usually draw in China ink. I love the consistence and feel of the liquid.What other mediums did you experiment drawing wit h before arriving at your present favorite? ?I experimented with acrylic and oil paints in the 70s. Later I tried watercolors until I arrived at the ink. I have always also used the Staedtler pencils to sketch. I still use them. 3H Staedtler is my favorite. Do you prefer, in your drawing, sharp or broad lines, or a combination of both and what kind of paper do you use? ?The lines depend on the kind of paper I use. I usually use Cartridge paper. When do you employ colors and what essential role do they play in the overall harmony of your drawings? Colors play a huge role in my design process. By nature I am always inspired by very bright Mediterranean colors. I grew up with nature and flowers and beautiful landscapes, so that is always conveyed through my shoes. In 2003, Manolo Blahnik Drawings, co-authored by Anna Wintour was published. Contained within it, the book lays out his designs as brightly colored whimsies, sketches that deftly convey the essences of his creations. As desig ns, the shoes are salacious cartoons of themselves, curvy and heeled, bejeweled and shimmery. Celeb quotes, interspersed throughout, heighten the spiraling sense of posturing and play.Madonna says, they are as good as sex†¦ and they last longer. His sketches are executed with exuberance and deftness that they have become as sought after as the shoes themselves. Inimitable in style, the drawings vividly convey Blahnik's unique vision. References: www. manoloblahnik. com Wintour, A. & Roberts, M. (2003). Manolo Blahnik Drawings. New York: Thames & Hudson Mcdowell, C. (2000). Manolo Blahnik. U. K. : HarperCollins Ude, I. (2010, Nov. ) Manolo Blahnik’s gem-like miracles. aRude magazine. Retrieved Nov 29, 2011 from http://www. arudemag. com/in-his-shoes/

Banning Guns Is Not the Answer: Gun Control Is

Banning Guns Is Not the Answer: Gun Control Is Gun control is and has been a controversial issue for many years. Many American citizens believe that if gun control is strictly enforced it would quickly reduce the threat of crime. Some people believe that gun control is a plot to take away guns. Other People state they would not be able to hunt. Many citizens want to be able to protect their home or family. The Second amendment grants Americans the right to bear arms. Many people believe that with gun control it would be harder for dangerous people to get guns. Gun control may lead to mutual agreement. As an American you have the right to bear arms. But not everyone should have the right to own a gun. In order to clearly understand why some gun control may be the answer it is important to understand the history of gun control. Many gun control activists believe that the solution is simple; ban all guns and there won’t be any crimes committed with guns. This solution seems to be simple and could quickly be implemented. There are a lot of people that know this would never work. Criminals appear to have the association to sleazy persons to get guns. A criminal does not care if the crime he or she is committing is with an illegal weapon or not. The criminal is already committing a crime, having an illegal weapon is not going to encourage or discourage the action of the criminal. A majority of crimes committed with guns are committed with illegally bought firearms. If the law were to ban guns completely the only people that would not have guns are the laws abiding citizens who want to protect themselves. The U. S. Department of Justice reported in 1992 offenders armed with handguns committed a record 931,000 violent crimes. Handgun crimes accounted for about 13% of all violent crimes. From 1987 to 1992 victims reported an annual average of about 341,000 incidents of firearm theft. Enforcing gun banishing is not going to have an effect on the crime rate, because it will not keep criminals from purchasing or stealing weapons. If guns are outlawed, only outlaws will have guns. Many people say the government is plotting to take away guns. That statement is a chant by extremist. Research found this was opinion only and bore no valid facts. Unfortunately these types of people do get attention. However, one must keep in mind that there are radicals on both sides of the picture. While on group states taking away our guns is a overnment plot, the other group believes these people are plotting to kill Americans. Until the middle of the 20th century, most constitutional scholars held a Collective Rights position. They believed that the Second Amendment only protects the collective right of the states to maintain armed militias. This is regarded as the liberal stance. Conserv ative scholars hold an Individual Rights position. They believe that the Second Amendment also grants an individual's right to own guns as personal, private property, and that many restrictions on buying and carrying guns unconstitutionally impede individual rights. The National Rifle Association (NRA)’s mission is the protection of the Second Amendment of the United States Bill of Rights. The NRA also promotes firearm ownership rights marksmanship, firearm safety, the protection of hunting, and self-defense in the United States. The NRA has many supporters (lawyers, politicians, actors †¦) that work to ensure people the right to be able to hunt and that Citizens will be able to protect their home and family. The NRA actively supports the second amendment. The Second amendment grants Americans the right to bear arms. The Second Amendment reads: â€Å"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a Free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. † There are many lawsuits that have been filed against the second amendment. Not many of the cases against the second amendment have been won. Many key acts have been produced. The history of gun control is important to understand. While many disagree with gun control it is obvious why there is some type of gun control needed. Listed are Acts that have been passed in respect to gun control: †¢In 1934 the â€Å"National Firearms Act† was passed. This law imposed a tax on the sale of machine guns and short-barrel firearms. This law was initiated in reaction to public rage over gangster activity. The main reason for this act was to stop American gangsters who were members of a crime syndicate organizations dedicated to smuggling and bootlegging of liquor and other illegal activities during the Prohibition Era of the 1920s and 1930s. †¢In 1938 the â€Å"Federal Firearms Act† required licensing of gun dealers. †¢The assassinations of John F. and Robert Kennedy and Martin Luther King, Jr brought political focus on U. S. gun control laws. In 1968 the â€Å"Gun Control Act† expanded laws to include licensing and record-keeping; banned felons and the mentally ill from buying guns; and banned the mail order sale of guns. †¢In 1993 Brady Bill implemented the creation of a system to complete background checks to help prohibit domestic violence. †¢In 1972 â€Å"The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms† was created to oversee federal regulation of guns. †¢1986 the â€Å"Firearms Owners Protection Act† eased some gun sale restrictions, reflecting the growing influence of the NRA under President Reagan. In 1993 the â€Å"Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act requires gun dealers to run background checks on purchasers. This Act establishes a national database of prohibited gun owners. †¢In 1994 the â€Å"Violent Crime Control Act† banned the sale of new assault weapons for ten years. The Act was sponsored by Sen. Dianne Feinstein (D-CA) and Rep. Carolyn Mc Carthy (D-NY), However, the Republican-led Congress allowed the law expire in 2004. †¢In 2003 the â€Å"Tiahrt Amendment† protects gun dealers and manufacturers from certain lawsuits. †¢In 2007 the National Instant Criminal Background Check System was initiated. Congress was able to close loopholes in the national database after the mass shooting at Virginia Tech University. Banning guns is not the answer. As Americans, our forefathers created the second amendment for a reason. Times have not changed enough that we can completely feel safe in our homes. Many people believe that by banning guns it would be harder for dangerous people to get guns. But the fact is criminals will still be able to acquire guns. Banning of guns, as shown above by the U. S. Department of Justice, would not reduce crime. Hunters do have the right to hunt for food and pleasure. Americans do have the right to protect their home and family. As an American you have the right to bear arms. But not everyone should have the right to own a gun. Gun control, not banning of guns needs to be the answer. Reference: U. S. Department of Justice, http://www. ojp. usdoj. gov/bjs/guns. htm, accessed 29-11-2009. US Liberals, Pros and Cons, http://usliberals. about. com/od/patriotactcivilrights/i/ProConGunLaws. htm, 28-11-2009. National Rifle Association, http://home. nra. org/#/home, 29 11 2009.

Gap Model of Service Marketing

Introduction In a competitive market, a business’s main purpose is to create value for customers, because it is basically the consumer who essentially determines what a business is, even the future success of a business (Karl, 2009). For service marketing, which is the form of marketing focuses on processes deeds and performances, service quality is only way for customers to evaluate their experiences (Susamoo, 2012). Hence, the service quality is one of the most important factors that any service organisation should face.Service quality can be defined as ‘a customers' perception of how well a service meets or exceeds their expectations’ (Seth, Deshmukh ; Vrat, 2005). However, many consumers are short of the knowledge to evaluate the service they receive, meanwhile, the providers also lack skills to meet customer’s needs. When the experience does not match the expectation, a gap arises. The gap model of service quality identifies five major gaps that organi zations seeking to meet customer's expectations in service delivery process (Turner, Bienstock & Reed, 2010).The purpose of this paper is discussing the gaps can occur in delivery of service quality. Besides, this essay will describe the feasible approaches for closing these service quality gaps, and put forward the examples to support. Customer Gap Customer gap is the difference between customer expectations and perceptions (Zeithaml, Bitner & Gremler, 2006). This gap arises when the customers misinterpret the service quality.The customer expectation is the standards or reference points that customer bring into the service experience, sometimes influenced by their cultural background, lifestyle, personality and so forth. Customer perception is based on the customers’ interaction with service. In ideal world, customer’s expectation world be almost identical to customer’s perception (Talebzade, 2009). However, actually, even some great companies like Apple seem t o be increasing significantly their customer gap. Customers complained that they were squeezed by Apple’s service platform, iTunes, because of the high cost of Apps.The App customers expect was high quality and cost-saving service, but the spending was far outstripped their expectation. It caused customers dissatisfied with iTunes services (Sullivan, 2011). Therefore, the results of customer gap are quite predictable, the higher the customer gap, the higher the risk of generating customer dissatisfaction and losing loyalty. In order to close the customer gaps, managers should educate customer to see reality of service delivery and clearly understand the customer expectation.IKEA, the world’s largest furniture retailer used to collect the information about customers’ ideal shopping experience so as to meet customers’ needs before opened its Chicago store. In basis of those feedbacks, IKEA redesigned the store, and made it more appropriate for shopping. Loc al customers were so satisfied with this store, and rated 85 per cents ‘excellent’ for this store (Zeithaml, Bitner & Gremler, 2006). Hence, clearly understanding customers’ expectation and perception in advance can help managers to narrow the gap. Knowledge GapKnowledge gap is the difference between customer expectation of service and company understanding of those expectation (Webb, 2000). Service providers who result in knowledge gap sometimes apply inadequate marketing research orientation and lack of communication with employees and customers. Moreover, the factors of lacking company strategies to strengthen customer relationships and inadequate service recoveries are also the critical reasons to cause knowledge gap. Boeing has been the leader of airplane manufacturing and service providing.However, in 2006, Boeing declared that their cabin broadband access service was suspended, because this service was badly received by passengers. In actual, for passenger s, what they want was flights to be on time. Boeing assessed customer expectation in wrong way, and made failure of the service innovation (BBC, 2006). In a customer-orientated business, it is important to have a clear understanding of the customer’s need for service. To close the gap between the customer’s expectation and business’s perception of service delivery, anagers require a set of comprehensive marketing research and adequate upward communication with their customers and employees. For solving this problem, Ritz-Carlton Hotel establishes its Customer Relationship Management (CRM) for improving service quality. The information of registered customers in CRM can help Ritz-Carlton Hotel to customize client’s accommodation experience based on customer’s lifestyle and preference (Delio, 2000). Therefore, for closing knowledge gap and improving service quality, manager should know what customer really want.Design and Standard Gap Design and Stan dard Gap is the gap between provider’s perception and customer-driven service designs and standards. It may arise when companies are difficultly translating customer expectation into service quality specification. The reasons of this gap occurs can include poor service design, lack of quality specification and failure of maintaining and updating servicescape (Zeithaml, Bitner & Gremler, 2006). Presently in Taiwan, the tourism sector encourages local farmers to develop their rural tourism in order to attract mainland visitors.Therefore, the number of agents were founded in the last two years. Nevertheless, many agents are not registered with Taiwanese tourism sector, and do not get the appropriate insurances for taking care of tourists (Siow, 2012). The tourist’s expectation is the safe and pleasant journey experience, but the tourism sector cannot supervise this market well. It causes negative impact among visitors. In order to close design and standard gap, managers n eed make sure that they are defining the level of service quality they believe.For example, Amazon has set standards for specifying the shipping time when a products is unavailable, out of product in local warehouse and other different conditions (Zeithaml, Bitner & Gremler, 2006). These sets of specifications can improve the efficiency of daily operation, and enhance service quality for customers. Therefore, managers should specify service quality standards that reflect expectation so as to narrow the design and standard gap. Performance Gap Performance Gap is the gap between the service quality specification and service delivery.This gap exposes when service providers fail to deliver service quality according to their goals and standards. Sometimes, service providers who leading this gap have poor human resource policies, or staffs lack of knowledge and skills to delivery service to customers (Chenet, Tynan & Money, 2000). Motorola is famous for its performance management. Motorol a’s managers believe that the human resource strategy is identical to their performance management. Motorola focuses on the skills of individual employee to improve the process of delivering value to customers.Motorola‘s service performance objectives consist of two parts, business goals and behaviour standards. These two parts work together to improve employee performance and service quality (Ahire, Waller & Golhar, 1996). Therefore, for narrowing the performance gap, managers need to audit the customer experience that providers currently deliver, in order to make sure the level of service delivery can live up to the specification (Rajagopal, n. d. ). Besides, managers also should consider the role of employee and customer in delivery process.For Motorola, except for improve staff training and education, managing and analysing the customers’ different requirements are also important. Hence, so as to close the performance gap, managers should coordinate the inter action between employees and customers in delivery process, and make service experiences meet the specification. Communication Gap Communication gap is the gap between the delivery of customer experience and what is communicated with customers (Hudson, 2011). Sometimes, customer expectations are highly influenced by the promises made by service providers.Therefore, this gap arises when service providers are over-promised, and do not match the actual service quality to customers. In 2009, Google launched its music service in mainland China, and cooperated with local music website, Top100 to provide free and legal music. Google promised that customers can create their own online songs list, and easily access to that in any time. However, with the failure of the cooperation with partner, and shut down the mainland division, Google's music service became unstable. Customers often cannot accesse to their online music list as Google promised.Google over-promised their service and finally cannot perform that (Tejada, 2012). Clearly, Google’s failure is the result of communication gap between customers’ perceptions and Google’s promises. Therefore, so as to narrow the communication gap, managers should ensure service performance quality matches to their promises. Besides, they also need avoid ineffective management of customer expectation and inadequate horizontal communication among different service providers (Zeithaml, Bitner ; Gremler, 2006).As an electronics retail giant, BestBuy have 1150 stores around the world. In each BestBuy store, staffs will clearly and directly promise the returns commitments of goods to customers, and faithfully perform their promises (BestBuy, 2013). Hence, managers need avoid exaggerating what will provide to customer so that finally harming customer’s perceptions. Conclusion This paper has described the five gaps that occur in the process of service delivery. Moreover, a set of approaches so as to close the se service quality gaps is explained following each gap model.Today’s consumer has become increasingly demanding. Customers often look at the service quality of both the process and outcomes of service delivery. The delivery of high quality service is one of the most complicated and important tasks for each service provider. The gap model of service quality is a measure of how service supplied by providers meet or surpass customer’s expectation (Ahmed et al, n. d. ). In order to close these gaps, managers should clearly understand customer expectation, set quality specification, manage employee performance and communication channel.To narrow the service quality gap is not only for improving the service quality, but also for delivering value well to customers. References Ahire, SL, Waller, MA ; Golhar, DY 1996, ‘Quality management in TQM versus non-TQM firms: an empirical investigation’, The International Journal of Quality ; Reliability Management, vol. 13 , no. 8, pp. 8-27, viewed 23 March 2013, ;http://search. proquest. com. ezproxy. utas. edu. au/business/docview/197606505/13D0B260F7C754E46B9/3? accountid=14245;. Ahmed, I, Gul, S, Hayat, U ; Qasim, M n. d. Service quality; Service features; and Customer complaint handling as the major determinants of customer satisfaction in Banking sector, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, viewed 24 March 2013, ; http://www. wbiconpro. com/5[1]. ISHFA. pdf;. BestBuy, 2013, Return ; Exchange Policy, BestBuy Official Website, viewed 24 March 2013, ;http://www. bestbuy. com/site/Returns-Refunds/Return-%26-Exchange-Policy/pcmcat260800050014. c? id=pcmcat260800050014;. British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), 2006, Boeing exits in-flight broadband, BBC, London, viewed 23 March 2013, ; http://news. bc. co. uk/2/hi/business/5261562. stm;. Chenet, P, Tynan, C ; Money, A 2000, ‘The service performance gap: testing the redeveloped causal model’, European Journal of Marketin g, vol. 34, no. 3/4, pp. 472-497, viewed 23 March 2013, ;http://search. proquest. com. ezproxy. utas. edu. au/business/docview/237021271/13D0B1BB3BD6EE81139/1? accountid=14245;. Delio, M 2000, For Ritz-Carlton, It All Begins with Customer Knowledge, destinationcrm. com, viewed 23 March 2013, ; http://www. destinationcrm. com/Articles/CRM-News/Daily-News/For-Ritz-Carlton-It-All-Begins-with-Customer-Knowledge-47424. spx;. Hudson, P 2011, An examination of how gaps between customer expectations of service quality and actual service quality can arise, Marketing Student Blog, viewed 24 March, ;http://www. phil-hudson. com/an-examination-of-how-gaps-between-customer-expectations-of-service-quality-and-actual-service-quality-can-arise/;. Karl, JA 2009, Customer Service – The Importance of Quality Service, SparkNET, viewed 22 March 2013, ;http://ezinearticles. com/? Customer-Service—The-Importance-of-Quality-Service&id=2220862>. Rajagopal, V n. d. Closing the Gap Between Guest Expectation and Management Perception, Pacific International Hotel Management School, New Plymouth, viewed 24 March 2013, . Seth, N, Deshmukh, SG & Vrat, P 2005, ‘Service quality models: a review’, The International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, vol. 22, no. 8/9, pp. 913-949, viewed 23 March 2013, .Siow, CW 2012, Identify Possible Critical Provider Gap(s) in the Package Tours Sold by Travel Agencies in Singapore, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, viewed 23 March 2013, ;http://digitalscholarship. unlv. edu/cgi/viewcontent. cgi? article=2335;context=thesesdissertations;. Sullivan, D, 2011, Why Do Amazon ; Apple Hate Families? , Daggle. com, viewed 22 March 2013, ; http://daggle. com/amazon-apple-hate-families-2867;. Susamoo, J 2012, Services Marketing Basics, StudyMode. com, viewed 22 March 2013, ;http://www. studymode. com/essays/Services-Marketing-Basics-1051800. html;.Talebzade, S, 2009, The Customer Service Gap Model, University of Technology, Sydney, v iewed 22 March 2013, ; http://www. brainmates. com. au/brainrants/the-customer-service-gap-model;. 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FEA program Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

FEA program - Assignment Example FEA is an exceptional reality of the wide-ranging technique with polynomial estimation functions (Ferrari, 2007). The solution method is founded on removing the spatial derivatives from the partial differential equations. It approaches the partial differential equations with a structure of algebraic equations for steady state systems, and a structure of ordinary differential equations for transient systems. 3. These equation arrangements are linear if the basic partial differential equations are corresponding. Arithmetical equation arrangements are resolved expending arithmetic linear algebra approaches. Ordinary differential equations leads to a rise in passing systems are then mathematically combined utilizing regular methodologies, for example, Euler’s technique. FEM permits comprehensive conception of where constructions arc or twist, and specifies the dissemination of stresses and dislocations. FEA applications provide a wide array of simulation opportunities for scheming the complexity of both meshing and analysis of a real life problem. Also, the expected accuracy required and related computational time necessary can be coped in same time to resolve many manufacturing practices. FEA permits whole projects to be built, great, and adjusted before the project produced. 4. Basic Principles of FEA 5. ... Every node is designed for six degrees of freedom enumerated as three transformational degrees, and three revolution degrees. Boundary condition is a method that a defined node in a FEM model is fixed to the zero state and several additional nodes in the model. A range of boundary conditions are obtainable containing: unbending or fixed, flexible spring, etc. Boundary conditions can be stated to be steady in some or complete six degrees of freedom. One must do two dimensional or three dimensional geometry which ties the existing member that is preferred to be analyzed. It can be generated contained by the preprocessor of the FEA application or beforehand produced geometry can be introduced from a computer aided designing application known as a concrete modeler. Boundary conditions (BC) can also be utilized to specify fluidic, dynamic, thermal, and electrostatic networks. In engineering analysis, linear solution points to an investigation of FEA modeled part where linear preprocessor of the item being assessed and its materials are understood to be exposed. In linear solutions, the part being assessed will not be subjected out of the elastic range of its materials. Non-linear denote to structural design of character modeled with arch. The part ingredients and boundary conditions will be laid open to non-linear actions. Specific materials display non-linear strain & stress performance and which is called as material non-linearity. If great diversions are existent, this is resulting in geometric non-linearity. Lastly, if boundary conditions change for different load ranges this is mentioned as boundary non-linearity. Static denotes to a part

Phase 2 Individual Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

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Womans Suffrage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Womans Suffrage - Essay Example In America both groups originated in the ideals of American democracy and Protestant individualism. But these ideals when applied to women were everywhere met with contradictory economic and social institutions which subjected women to traditional male authority or questioned their capacity for independence and initiative. â€Å"With the flood of post-civil war suffragist rhetoric came an equally full and passionate cry from the anti-suffragists, or antis as the suffragists called them. Threatened by the suffragists new conception of modern government†(Oates 1991) Religion profoundly helped to legitimize woman’s quest for equality. Of the five women who planned the Seneca Falls convention in the summer of 1848, four were Quakers. Historian Margaret Bacon has asked why the tiny Religious Society of Friends contributed such a disproportionate number of leaders to the feminist cause. It turns out that Quakerism was a veritable seedbed for the new feminism. As early as the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, Quaker women had served as traveling ministers, on occasion leaving behind husbands and children, so strongly did they feel called to the Lord’s work. Well before the Revolution the American Friends had also established a tradition of separate women’s business meetings of the monthly meeting. In addition, Quaker women who felt moved by the Holy Spirit to speak in meetings were expected to do so.